Understanding Governor’s Consent, C of O, and Other Land Titles in Nigeria
Navigating property ownership in Nigeria can be confusing, especially for first-time buyers or investors. Terms like Governor’s Consent, Certificate of Occupancy (C of O), Deed of Assignment, and other land titles often appear in legal documents, but many people aren’t sure what they mean or why they matter.
At The Wallington Realties Limited, we’ve helped clients across Lagos and beyond understand and secure their property rights. This guide breaks down the key land titles in Nigeria, what they signify, and why they are essential for safe real estate transactions.
1. Certificate of Occupancy (C of O)
The Certificate of Occupancy is perhaps the most important land document in Nigeria. It is issued by the state government and legally confirms your right to occupy and use the land.
Key points about C of O:
-
Confirms legal ownership and protects against disputes.
-
Specifies the type of land use, such as residential, commercial, or agricultural.
-
Typically valid for 99 years, after which it may be renewed.
Without a C of O, you cannot fully secure your ownership or sell the property legally.
2. Governor’s Consent
In Nigeria, all land transfers require the approval of the state governor, a process known as Governor’s Consent. This ensures that the transaction is legally recognized and prevents unauthorized sales.
Why Governor’s Consent matters:
-
Validates the Deed of Assignment.
-
Protects the buyer from illegal transfers or disputes.
-
Confirms that the property is not government-acquired or restricted.
Governor’s Consent is mandatory for most property transactions in Lagos and other Nigerian states.
3. Deed of Assignment
A Deed of Assignment is the legal document that formally transfers property ownership from the seller to the buyer.
-
It contains property details, parties involved, and transaction date.
-
Must be registered at the Land Registry.
-
Without it, the transfer is not legally enforceable, even with a C of O.
At The Wallington Realties, we ensure every Deed of Assignment is properly verified and registered before any transaction is completed.
4. Other Common Land Titles
Nigeria recognizes several other land titles, each serving different purposes:
| Land Title | Purpose / Description |
|---|---|
| Deed of Conveyance | Confirms how the seller acquired the property. Often used in older properties. |
| Governor’s Consent Letter | Formal approval from the state government for a land transfer. |
| Survey Plan | Shows exact boundaries and dimensions of the land. |
| Certificate of Occupancy (Statutory or Customary) | Confirms ownership; statutory C of O issued by government, customary C of O by local authorities. |
| Deed of Mortgage | Shows if the property has been used as collateral for a loan. |
Understanding these documents ensures your property investment is legally protected and transparent.
5. Why Verification Matters
Purchasing property without proper verification can lead to costly mistakes:
-
Ownership disputes or multiple claims.
-
Illegal or incomplete transfers.
-
Difficulty reselling or obtaining financing.
The Wallington Realties conducts comprehensive document checks, including verifying C of O, Governor’s Consent, and other relevant land titles, ensuring clients buy or sell property safely.
6. Tips for Buyers and Investors
-
Always request copies of all key documents before committing.
-
Engage a licensed and reputable real estate agent.
-
Conduct a Land Registry search to confirm authenticity.
-
Avoid properties with missing or inconsistent paperwork.
-
Work with professionals who guide you through Governor’s Consent and registration processes.
Following these tips helps you make informed decisions and protects your investment.
Conclusion
Understanding Governor’s Consent, C of O, and other land titles is essential for anyone buying, selling, or investing in Nigerian real estate. These documents protect your ownership, prevent fraud, and ensure a smooth transaction.
With The Wallington Realties Limited, clients gain access to verified listings, professional guidance, and full legal support—making property transactions in Lagos and beyond secure, transparent, and stress-free.
Secure your property the right way. Book a consultation with The Wallington Realties today.
